What is the use of the final, static, and this keywords in Java?

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In Java, the final, static, and this keywords serve different but essential purposes related to variable scope, immutability, memory management, and object references.

1. final

  • Used to restrict modification.

  • Can be applied to variables, methods, and classes.

  • Final method: Cannot be overridden by subclasses.

  • Final class: Cannot be subclassed (e.g., String class).

2. static

  • Belongs to the class, not instances.

  • Used for class-level variables and methods.

  • Static variables: Shared across all instances of a class.

  • Static methods: Can be called without creating an object.

  • Static blocks: Used for static initialization.

3. this

  • Refers to the current object instance.

  • Common uses:

    • Distinguish between class attributes and parameters with the same name.

    • Pass the current object as a parameter.

    • Call one constructor from another within the same class.

In summary:

  • final prevents modification.

  • static defines class-level members.

  • this refers to the current object instance.

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