What is Maven or Gradle used for in Java projects?

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Maven and Gradle are build automation tools used in Java projects to manage the build process, dependencies, and project configuration.

⚙️ What They Do:

  1. Dependency Management

    • Automatically download and manage external libraries (JAR files) from repositories like Maven Central.

  2. Build Automation

    • Compile source code, run tests, package applications (e.g., into JAR or WAR files), and deploy.

  3. Project Configuration

    • Define project structure, plugins, and tasks in a single configuration file.

📦 Maven

  • Uses XML-based configuration (pom.xml)

  • Convention over configuration — fixed project structure

  • Commands like mvn clean install handle build lifecycle

Gradle

  • Uses a Groovy or Kotlin DSL (build.gradle or build.gradle.kts)

  • More flexible and faster (supports incremental builds)

  • Easily customizable with task definitions

✅ Summary

  • Maven: Simpler, widely used, XML-based.

  • Gradle: More flexible and modern, script-based.

Both tools simplify Java project development by automating repetitive tasks and managing dependencies efficiently.

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