What databases are commonly used with Java backend?

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In Java backend development, several databases are commonly used, depending on the application's requirements, such as scalability, performance, and data structure. These databases fall into two main categories: relational (SQL) and non-relational (NoSQL).

1. Relational Databases (SQL)

These are widely used with Java due to strong support from Java frameworks like Spring Boot, Hibernate, and JPA.

  • MySQL: Popular open-source RDBMS, known for reliability and ease of use.

  • PostgreSQL: Advanced open-source RDBMS with strong support for complex queries, indexing, and data integrity.

  • Oracle Database: Preferred in enterprise environments for its performance, scalability, and robust features.

  • Microsoft SQL Server: Often used in corporate settings with Java through JDBC or Hibernate.

Java interacts with SQL databases using JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) or ORM (Object Relational Mapping) tools like Hibernate, which simplify data persistence.

2. Non-relational Databases (NoSQL)

These are used for flexibility, scalability, and handling unstructured or semi-structured data.

  • MongoDB: A document-based NoSQL database, commonly used for JSON-like data and flexible schemas.

  • Cassandra: A wide-column store designed for handling massive volumes of data across distributed systems.

  • Redis: An in-memory key-value store used for caching and real-time data access.

  • Elasticsearch: Though technically a search engine, it’s used as a NoSQL store for full-text search and analytics.

Java frameworks like Spring Data provide seamless integration with both SQL and NoSQL databases, making it easier to switch or combine databases as needed.

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